Neo-Pagan Wiccan and Druidic religions are derived from the ancient Celtic Pagan polytheist culture (1300 BC – 400 AD). The word Celt translates “chisel” or “ax” from the Latin word celte, and refers to an ethno-linguistic region comprised of several European tribal nations. Originally the Greeks and Romans got the name Celt from a specific tribe in Gaul (France). The main Celtic name for themselves seems to be Gal (“strong” or “fierce”) with derivations: Gall, Gaul, Gali, and Gael. The main Celtic nations were Gaul (France), England (Brittani & Cornwall), Wales, Ireland, Scotland, and Spain (Iberian Galicia). The basic Celtic periods can be divided into Bronze Age Urnfields (1300-700 BC), Iron Age Hallstatt (700-500 BC), Iron Age La Tene (500-0 BC), Gaelic Last Stand (0-400 AD).
Celts were commoners, slaves, nobles (equites), priests (druids), oracles (vates), and musicians (bards). Druids, bards, and vates were the three priestly classes. Secular Celtic society varied throughout their decentralized tribal civilization. Celtic priests emphasized an oral tradition, and forbid their doctrines and stories to be written down; perhaps to have exclusive control over the religious rights, much as we use copyright laws today. Druids were exclusive secretive authorities on cultural superstition, ritual knowledge, and political magic. Bards were story-tellers, singers, and musicians. Vates were prophetic seer shamans, or oracles. These priestly orders may have survived from a Neolithic or Bronze Age Indo-European religion of the Horned-God of Animals; which included wheels, spirals, torcs, deer, ram-horned snakes, and other animals as sacred symbols even into the Iron Age. Various Greco-Roman accounts refer to Druidic human sacrifice, magical practices with flora and fauna, belief in reincarnation, and that they were respected as authorities by Celtic secular society. Oaks seem to be their most sacred trees (followed by ash and yew), and perhaps wrens were their most sacred birds; because the word druid is related to roots which mean “magic-oak-wren-seer”.
The Greeks and Romans considered Celts to be simply barbarians, a term which lumped them together with germanic and other tribal cultures that were deemed uncivilized savage foreigners. It was also said that most barbarians were immoral mindless hordes, that will invade and destroy unless they are invaded and destroyed, or enslaved.
Thus Roman and Christian Empires invaded and destroyed most of ancient Celtic culture by war and assimilation. The only source scriptures we have are Greek, Roman, and later Christian literature for any linguistic detail concerning ancient Celtic religion. For obvious reasons these sources are biased towards the conqueror’s own beliefs. However in the New Age, Neo-Paganism resurrects the ancient religion, with the contemporary tradition of witch-craft (wicca), which is the rural underground vestiges of the ancient Celtic beliefs, evolved in family secret legacies and in assimilated spiritual superstitions for hundreds of years, despite numerous witch lynchings and burnings by Christian literalists.
Celts and Druids did not seem to have unified religious doctrines amongst the tribes, as to who the main gods were, or how the gods could be represented; as the Celts were not an empire in the centralized way that Greece and Rome were. Rather than temples, the priests seem to have preferred forest groves, so the emphasis was on regional environmental powers and wildlife (genius loci), more than detailed personifications. Yet the bards must have sung of heroes, and because they were not recorded (as the Homeric poems were) the closest we have are the later Christian Irish and Welsh selected writings. It was claimed that Druids forbid writing, but they did use some alphabets and codes like Ogham and Runes. It seems that if there were any other Pagan writings the Church did away with them. The dominant mythical stories of Celtic England, France, Scotland, and Spain may have been lost over the generations, although their oral and bardic styles remain a secular tradition.
The Celts were animists, believing that all aspects of the natural world contained spirits. Celts communed with these spirits, and spirits were capable of reincarnation. Hundreds of Celtic deities and heroes were reduced to faerie spirits over time, and then futher diminished in size to tiny faeries, by the Renaissance. Although it is possible that small faeries always existed within Celtic Religion; even just as small animals. Also many animals continue to live in the ground, as our ancestors did, or dead people do, and birds fly like spirits in the air and mess about unseen. These are reasons that faeries exist.
The absence of a Celtic creation myth means either they never had one, or we have lost it. It is most likely the Celtic creation myth was lost on purpose by the Roman-Catholic Church, as it would have been seen as threatening to Catholic Genesis dogma. The Irish Christian story began with the settling of Ireland by several invasions. Celtic deities should be considered in a tribal clan context, due to their lack of specialization, as compared to Greek or Roman deities.
In Ireland, first were the Fomorians. Then came the Partholonians, who achieved architecture and landscaping, but were killed by plague. The next wave was the Nemedians, and they defeated the Fomorians. Then Fir Bolgs from Greece came, and civilized Ireland by dividing it into five provinces, and made laws. Next the Tuatha arrived and defeated Balor. Finally the Spanish Iberian Milesians came and defeated the Tuatha. The Milesians gave the Tuatha the land below ground and the Milesians the land above. Tuatha De Danann means “People of the Deity Danann” who came over water and went under hills.
Irish Scot Gaelic Deities
Danann / Danu – mother goddess
Dagda – father god, good with all
Morrigan – Nemhain, Macha, Badb (Triple Goddess)
Brigit – maiden fire
Lugh – light (Apollo or Mercury)
Goib – earth, craft
Oran Mór, “The Great Melody”
Crom Cruach Dubh – head bloody black crooked one of sacrificial stone mounds
Ogma – wise words, writing (ogham), and strength
Triple God of Skill = Dagda, Lugh, Ogma
Cú Chulainn – hero son of Lugh (Irish hero)
Fin MacCool – hero son of Cú Chulainn, (Irish hero)
Gallic Gaul, Briton, and Welsh Deities
Arawn Ankou – king of the dead otherworld realm of Annwn
Bran & Branwen – raven gods
Belenus – sun fire god of Beltane and cattle
Cocidius, a god of war
Condatis, a god of the confluences of rivers
Cernunnos – horned (Carnonos) nature virility (Hern) wild animals, green man
Ceridwen – (Carugwen) mother goddess of love, magic, change, transformation
Epona Rhiannon – horses
Nantosuelta Erecura – goddess of nature, earth, fire, and fertility in Gaul
Taranis – god of thunder and wheels (chariot or wagon)
Teutates = great tribal spirit, or leader of the people (Teuta), hundreds of deities
Sucellos – “kindly good striker” god of agriculture, forests, drinks, mallets
Damona Damara – a river fertility goddess
Coventina, goddess of wells and springs
*
Neo-Pagan Celtic Wiccan Deities
Kernunos – Triple God = Lugh, Dagda, Arawn / Ankou
Morrigan – Triple Goddess = Brigit, Ceridwen, Crone / Macha
Mathonwy – Merlin = druid god of magic, math, alchemy, science
Nantosuelta Damona Damara = Mother Earth, animals, plants
* Empedocles primary deity list (Harpers Faery way)
There is a connection between the old Celtic Horned-God Carnonos / (C or H)ernunnos, and with Dis-Pater. Wealth is represented by the torcs, which are both collars of control and value; stewardship over a livestock herd was wealth. Wealth, wildlife, and herds all connect Hermes-Pan with Carnonos. The horns and some underworld aspects link Dis-Pater and Pluto to Carn, but Pluto may have been Dagda as well… under-ground. Gaelic Hernunnos (Hern) and Gallic Carnonos. cairns or herms (Hermes-Pan), human – (Proto-Germanic) hurnan – horn-man (German)- hern-mon-os (latin hermanos “brother”) humanus (homo) (Persian Sanskrit) sur = horn, Berton kern = horn, herds
*
Sins of Scripture Summary
Posted in Book Reports, Critical Commentary of Civilization, Spiritual with tags bible, bishop, books, christian, God, quotes, religion, report, SCOD, scripture, sin, Sins, Spiritual, Spong, summary, word, World on February 7, 2013 by DrogoNotes on Sins of Scripture by Bishop John Shelby Spong
civil rights, equal rights, religious freedom, peace, evolution of thought
Preface
“Christian voices in our world continue to employ words that reveal nothing less than arrogance toward other religions, whose adherents they regard as fit subjects not for dialogue but for conversion. This attitude is regularly enforced with biblical claims that a particular religious tradition the certainty of the ultimate truth of God that is seen first as religious bigotry and later as religious persecution.”
Word of God
“The Bible is a subject of interpretation: there is no doctrine, no prophet, no priest, no power, which has not claimed biblical sanctions for itself.” – Paul Tillich
“In the history of the Western world, however, this Bible has also left a trail of pain, horror, blood, and death that is undeniable. Yet this fact is not often allowed to rise to consciousness. Biblical words have been used not only to kill, but even to justify that killing. … It might be difficult for some Christians to understand, but it is not difficult to document the terror enacted by believers in the name of the Bible.”
“I had to document the evil that Christians have so frequently rendered to others in the name of our religion, including the way we have justified violence with biblical quotations. … There is plenty of guilt to go around. It appears to be in the nature of religion itself to be prejudiced against those who are different in looks, language, habit, and religion. Violence is almost always the result of such prejudice.”
“I believe the Bible must be preserved, but not the Bible that people have used to enhance the pain and evil present in human history.”
A Claim That Cannot Endure
“Perhaps the strangest claim ever made for any written document in history is that its words are or somehow contain the “Word of God”.”
“By Sins of Scripture I mean those terrible texts that have been quoted throughout Christian history to justify behavior that is today universally recognized as evil.”
Beyond the biblical lists of immoral mandates… “It is quite easy to demonstrate that the Bible is simply wrong in some of its assumptions. It is hard to maintain the claim of inerrancy in the face of biblical statements that are obviously incorrect. The “Word of God” is not infrequently simply wrong.”
Moses did not write the Old Testament (Torah). He was dead for at least 300 years.
David did not write Psalms, again several years after the death of King David.
Jesus’s followers did not write the Gospels
Paul was fucked up
“Paul was many things, but divine was not one of them.”
Bible and Environment
“…let them have dominion over … (animals), and all the earth…” – Genesis 1:26
“Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it.” – Genesis 1:28
over-breeding is a real problem
environmental ignorance is a real problem
Climate Change Summary
As global warming occurs at the poles, ice melts. The Ocean water temperature rises, and coastal flooding is happening around the World. This causes more frequent and larger hurricanes and tidal waves that kill and displace thousands. Combined with droughts on the mainland, these disasters create more violent civil conflicts. – Drogo
Biblical Anti-Environmental Attitude Summary
The quest to dominate the Earth comes from pre-biblical, Old Testament times. Hebrews coming from Egypt, had a sky god named “YHVH” (I am that I am). They wanted their ancestral homeland back from the Canaanites, who worshiped an earth goddess Astarte, and her lord Baal (Master). Hebrews were shepherds who believed in animal sacrifices to their sky god, and Canaanites were agrarian farmers who preferred grain sacrifices to their gods. The Hebrews invaded and made holy war against the Canaanites. – Drogo
“Mother Earth is fighting back. Mother Earth is rebelling against the way she has been treated by a single species which acts as if the whole world exists to provide comfort and wealth for that species.”
“Bad theology creates bad ecology.”
Chapter 31
“To our knowledge Jesus left no written records. … Whatever else the gospels are, they are certainly not the writings of Jesus. It is equally clear that the gospels are not the result of Jesus’ dictation found in the written notes from his disciples.”
Literacy was very rare in the days of Jesus, and they wrote in Greek
Jesus died around 35 AD
Paul’s 50-65 AD (was not an actual apostle)
Mark’s 70 AD (earliest) (not an apostle, but disciple of Peter)
Matthew 85 AD
Luke’s 90 AD (not an apostle, but a friend of Paul)
John’s 100 AD (last) claims to be son of Zebedee but he would have been about 100
Revelation
What was it about Jesus the human, that caused people to say his miracles were true and that he was the Messiah?
“No, I do not believe that Jesus stilled the storm, walked on water, … But I do want to understand what the experience was with Jesus, that caused people to apply Hebrew scripture God language to him.”
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